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      Excel 数据透视表入门教程
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        <p>在 Excel 提供的众多功能中，数据透视表可以说是最强大的，用于制作各种类型报表和全方位<a href="/study-excel/topic/data-analysis/">数据分析</a>工作。</p>
<p>你可能会想：这么强大的功能，学起来和用起来也肯定很复杂吧？恰恰相反，使用数据透视表极其简单，甚至都不用键盘，用鼠标拖拽就能制作详细的报表、做出深入的数据分析。</p>
<p>这篇文章以学校的模考成绩为源数据，通过 5 个步骤，带大家入门数据透视表。</p>
<p>接下来，我们正式开始。</p>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="第一步：准备规范的源数据"><a href="#第一步：准备规范的源数据" class="headerlink" title="第一步：准备规范的源数据"></a>第一步：准备规范的源数据</h2><p>规范的源数据是数据透视表的核心基础。只有源数据符合一定的规则，数据透视表才能发挥其强大的功能。一个符合标准的源数据应具备以下 4 个特点：</p>
<ul>
<li>源数据包含标题行。</li>
<li>同一类数据，放置在一列。</li>
<li>源数据中，按标准数据类型存储数据。</li>
<li>同一列内数据类型要求相同。</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_1ec9f647013bf17d942842d7d8c4cef8.png"></p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_d0af626e6eaf15ff807b057e273f25d7.png"></p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_abb14efa7d7a00e9fec8501b3e65c8ce.png"></p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_204066e8ee30c341760bf38915419d9e.png"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><em>? 技巧：<a href="/study-excel/excel-2-dim-to-1-dim/">点击这里查看如何加工二维表转换为一维表，便于用于数据透视表。</a></em></p>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="第二步：打开透视表菜单，设置选项"><a href="#第二步：打开透视表菜单，设置选项" class="headerlink" title="第二步：打开透视表菜单，设置选项"></a>第二步：打开透视表菜单，设置选项</h2><p>源数据准备好之后，下一步就是打开数据透视表菜单。插入透视表的命令位于功能区—插入选项卡—表格命令组，找到后点击「数据透视表」打开创建数据透视表菜单。</p>
<p>接下来，设置两个选项，一个是「选择要分析的数据」，一个是放置透视表的位置。要分析的数据框，选择在上一步准备好的数据区域；数透视表放置位置可以选择新工作表，也可以选择当前工作表。这个例子我们选择新工作表。最后点击确定，创建数据透视表。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_eef1427ae1fd0b5d215e73961fde3fd0.png"></p>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="第三步：了解数据透视表字段"><a href="#第三步：了解数据透视表字段" class="headerlink" title="第三步：了解数据透视表字段"></a>第三步：了解数据透视表字段</h2><p>上一步之后，数据透视表在新工作表里被创建好了，如下图所示，你可以看到透视表旁边出现了「数据透视表字段」对话框。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_7121067aadf693e471614fa1bd2cbff1.png"></p>
<ol>
<li>数据透视表放置位置。</li>
<li>数据透视表字段设置菜单。数据透视表大部分的设计工作，在这里进行。</li>
<li>字段列表。与源数据标题行相对应，这里显示源数据所有的字段标题。一个字段对应源数据的一列。</li>
<li>透视表区域。数据透视表由筛选、列标签、行标签和值区域共 4 个部分组成。其中，筛选控制透视表的数据源的范围，列标签和行标签在水平和垂直方向展开数据，值区域统计数据。</li>
</ol>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="第四步：「拖」出数据报表"><a href="#第四步：「拖」出数据报表" class="headerlink" title="第四步：「拖」出数据报表"></a>第四步：「拖」出数据报表</h2><p>透视表创建好了，设置工具基本了解了，这一步我们制作一个数据报表。数据透视表的一个核心操作是「拖拽」，不需要输入公式，不需要插入行和列，「拖来拖去」就能制作报表。</p>
<p>接下来我们制作「一班，两轮模拟考试，学生各科目平均成绩的对比」报表。按如下操作进行：</p>
<ol>
<li>从字段列表中，鼠标左键按住「班级」字段，将其拖到「筛选」区域。</li>
<li>从字段列表中，鼠标左键按住「科目」字段，将其拖到「行标签」区域。</li>
<li>从字段列表中，鼠标左键按住「模考」字段，将其拖到「列标签」区域。</li>
<li>从字段列表中，鼠标左键按住「分数」字段，将其拖到「值」区域。</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_33ca2f5f2b741e2a426023487517b521.gif"></p>
<p>接下来，按照我们的报表要求，设置字段信息。</p>
<ol>
<li>首先是筛选字段。在数据透视表区域，最上部班级下拉筛选中，只选择「一班」。</li>
<li>然后是值字段。在数据透视表区域，选中中间数据区域，鼠标右键，弹出菜单中选择「值汇总依据」，其中选择「平均值」。之后选中值区域的所有数据，调整有效位数到零位。</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_e42ed6b038f433fc885548d4dd1fd9f5.png"></p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_8f6becec52f543ff6d1090f830642d9b.png"></p>
<p>恭喜你，完成了你的第一个数据透视表报表。不需要各种复杂的统计计算，你「轻而易举」的作出了一班两轮模拟考试各科目平均分的对比。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_cc7bd7ddc4bb130022cc248b1e6f81c1.png"></p>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="第五步：认识数据透视表制作和设置工具"><a href="#第五步：认识数据透视表制作和设置工具" class="headerlink" title="第五步：认识数据透视表制作和设置工具"></a>第五步：认识数据透视表制作和设置工具</h2><p>接下来，我们认识 3 个数据透视表制作和设置工具，你在实际创建和使用透视表的过程中，将会频繁的与这 3 个工具打交道。</p>
<h3 id="1-数据透视表字段对话框"><a href="#1-数据透视表字段对话框" class="headerlink" title="1.数据透视表字段对话框"></a>1.数据透视表字段对话框</h3><p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_e2d8f68e3e8b25b4e6efbe5ed91e2738.png"></p>
<p>字段对话框我们在上一步已经认识了。在这里主要完成透视表的「设计」工作，即安排源数据的字段到四个区域中的一个或多个。</p>
<h2 id="2-数据透视表工具"><a href="#2-数据透视表工具" class="headerlink" title="2.数据透视表工具"></a>2.数据透视表工具</h2><p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_c55bc4278864a733f3e05ab3ef68b637.png"></p>
<p>数据透视表工具是功能区选项卡，包含分析和设计选项卡，选中透视表任意一单元格时，自动在功能区出现。</p>
<ul>
<li>分析：在这里可以进行数据透视表的设置，单个字段的设置，数据源的编辑，数据计算等工作。</li>
<li>设计：这里主要进行透视表的布局和样式的设置。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="3-数据透视表选项"><a href="#3-数据透视表选项" class="headerlink" title="3.数据透视表选项"></a>3.数据透视表选项</h3><p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_ef26e63ffdd62486b41d738d578773f1.png"></p>
<p>选中透视表区域任意一单元格，鼠标右键，选择数据透视表选项，即可打开数据透视表选项菜单。在这里主要设置透视表的总体表现方式。</p>
<h2 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h2><p>在本篇，主要介绍了透视表的源数据规范标准和创建透视表的基本步骤。实际工作中，透视表的主要功能体现在制作报表和数据的汇总分析上。正如其名，你可以「透视」数据，以各种形式和各种统计方法，观察源数据。</p>

      
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